Baking Cookie Probelms and Facts

LINK: http://www.joyofbaking.com/CookieMaking.html

BATTERS:

Creaming - 
The fat and sugar are placed into a mixing bowl and creamed together.  The eggs and any liquid are added.  Finally, the flour and leavening agent are added and mixed just until combined.

One-Stage - 
All the ingredients are placed into a mixing bowl and blended together until a smooth batter is formed.

COMMON PROBLEMS:

If cookies brown too quickly - 
check to see if your oven is calibrated properly and not reading too high.  You can do this with a free standing oven thermometer.  Another reason for over-browning is from using dark-colored baking pans or sheets which promote browning.  Either reduce oven temperature by 25 degrees F (15 degrees C) or use aluminum pans or sheets.

If cookies brown too quickly on bottoms -  
the same reasons as above but also your oven rack may be too low or the batter has too much sugar in it.

If cookies brown too quickly on top and the bottoms are not cooked enough -
the oven rack may be too high, the temperature is too high, or you are using dark-colored baking pans or sheets.

If cookies spread too much - 
dough may be too soft.  This is remedied by placing the dough in the refrigerator for 15 minutes to firm up.  Also, never place cookies on a warm baking sheet as the batter will start to soften and spread even before you place them in the oven.  Cookies can also spread too much if placed on a greased baking sheet, when the recipe states using an ungreased baking sheet.  Cookies made with butter have the tendency to spread more than cookies made with shortening.

If cookies are too dry and hard -
it may simply be that the cookies were over baked.  Also, if the oven was not hot enough, they will take too long to bake and this causes them to dry out.  The batter could contain too much flour or not enough egg or liquid.